In the robot presented in the previous sections we have seen that the
inverse kinematic relates the
the distances between the
to the
position/orientation parameters of the
platform X by
. An important matrix is the
jacobian matrix of this relation
. Indeed the forces
in the legs
are related to the
forces/torques
applied on the platform by
Usually this workspace is defined in the following manner: a geometrical object that will include all possible location of a specific point of the platform and ranges for the parameters that describe the orientation of the platform.
The determinant of can usually be expressed as a function of
the position/orientation parameters.
Interval analysis is appropriate to design an algorithm that check if
there is a singularity within a given workspace. For that purpose we
will take a point inside the workspace and calculate the value of
at this point. Let us assume that this value is positive. A
singularity will occur within the workspace if we are able to find
another point in the workspace where
will be negative.
We may assume that we are able to calculate a bounding box of the workspace and that we are able to design a test that allow to determine if a box for the position/orientation parameters is fully included in the workspace, is fully outside or part of it is inside and part of it is outside.
With that it is easy to design an algorithm that determine if the workspace includes a singularity (see [12] for more details).
First we use interval arithmetics to determine bounds for the value of
. If the lower bound of the interval is positive is positive,
then there is no singularity within the workspace. Otherwise we bisect
the box. For the new boxes we first test if the box is inside the
workspace: if one box is fully outside the workspace we discard it. If
a box is not fully inside we bisect the box. For a box that is fully inside we
compute the interval evaluation of
. If the lower bound is
positive we discard the box. If the upper bound is negative, then for
any position/orientation defined by parameters within the box ranges
the determinant will be negative: hence the workspace includes a
singularity and we may stop the algorithm. If all the boxes in the
list have been processed, then there is no singularity within the
workspace.
Note that it is easy to generalize the algorithm so that uncertainties
in the robot geometry are taken into account. A general version of
this algorithm has been implemented using ALIAS and Maple and is
able to deal with different robot architectures. Maple is used to
compute the analytical form of . The ALIAS parser is used
to perform the interval evaluation of the determinant.