Publications of Ian Jermyn

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• 12 Articles
• 46 Conference articles
• 9 Technical and Research Reports
• 2 Collection articles or Books chapters

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12 Articles

1 - A Marked Point Process Model Including Strong Prior Shape Information Applied to Multiple Object Extraction From Images. M. S. Kulikova and I. H. Jermyn and X. Descombes and E. Zhizhina and J. Zerubia. International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Processing, 1(2): pages 1-12, 2011. Keywords : Active contour, Marked point process, multiple birth-and-death dynamics, multiple object extraction, Shape prior. @ARTICLE{kulikova_ijcvip2010, author = {Kulikova, M. S. and Jermyn, I. H. and Descombes, X. and Zhizhina, E. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {A Marked Point Process Model Including Strong Prior Shape Information Applied to Multiple Object Extraction From Images}, year = {2011}, journal = {International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Processing}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {1-12}, url = {http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00804118}, keyword = {Active contour, Marked point process, multiple birth-and-death dynamics, multiple object extraction, Shape prior} } Abstract : Object extraction from images is one of the most important tasks in remote sensing image analysis. For accurate extraction from very high resolution (VHR) images, object geometry needs to be taken into account. A method for incorporating strong yet flexible prior shape information into a marked point process model for the extraction of multiple objects of complex shape is presented. To control the computational complexity, the objects considered are defined using the image data and the prior shape information. To estimate the optimal configuration of objects, the process is sampled using a Markov chain based on a stochastic birth-and-death process on the space of multiple objects. The authors present several experimental results on the extraction of tree crowns from VHR aerial images.

2 - Extended Phase Field Higher-Order Active Contour Models for Networks. T. Peng and I. H. Jermyn and V. Prinet and J. Zerubia. International Journal of Computer Vision, 88(1): pages 111-128, May 2010. Keywords : Active contour, Phase Field, Shape prior, Parameter analysis, remote sensing, Road network extraction. @ARTICLE{Peng09, author = {Peng, T. and Jermyn, I. H. and Prinet, V. and Zerubia, J.}, title = { Extended Phase Field Higher-Order Active Contour Models for Networks}, year = {2010}, month = {May}, journal = {International Journal of Computer Vision}, volume = {88}, number = {1}, pages = { 111-128}, url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/d3641g2227316w58/}, keyword = {Active contour, Phase Field, Shape prior, Parameter analysis, remote sensing, Road network extraction} } Abstract : This paper addresses the segmentation from an image of entities that have the form of a ‘network’, i.e. the region in the image corresponding to the entity is composed of branches joining together at junctions, e.g. road or vascular networks. We present new phase field higher-order active contour (HOAC) prior models for network regions, and apply them to the segmentation of road networks from very high resolution satellite images. This is a hard problem for two reasons. First, the images are complex, with much ‘noise’ in the road region due to cars, road markings, etc., while the background is very varied, containing many features that are locally similar to roads. Second, network regions are complex to model, because they may have arbitrary topology. In particular, we address a limitation of a previous model in which network branch width was constrained to be similar to maximum network branch radius of curvature, thereby providing a poor model of networks with straight narrow branches or highly curved, wide branches. We solve this problem by introducing first an additional nonlinear nonlocal HOAC term, and then an additional linear nonlocal HOAC term to improve the computational speed. Both terms allow separate control of branch width and branch curvature, and furnish better prolongation for the same width, but the linear term has several advantages: it is more efficient, and it is able to model multiple widths simultaneously. To cope with the difficulty of parameter selection for these models, we perform a stability analysis of a long bar with a given width, and hence show how to choose the parameters of the energy functions. After adding a likelihood energy, we use both models to extract the road network quasi-automatically from pieces of a QuickBird image, and compare the results to other models in the literature. The state-of-the-art results obtained demonstrate the superiority of our new models, the importance of strong prior knowledge in general, and of the new terms in particular.

3 - Shape Analysis of Elastic Curves in Euclidean Spaces. S. Joshi and E. Klassen and W. Liu and I. H. Jermyn and A. Srivastava. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 33(7): pages 1415-1428, 2010. Note : to appear Keywords : shape analysis, elastic deformations, Riemannian elastic metric. @ARTICLE{Joshi2010, author = {Joshi, S. and Klassen, E. and Liu, W. and Jermyn, I. H. and Srivastava, A.}, title = {Shape Analysis of Elastic Curves in Euclidean Spaces}, year = {2010}, journal = {IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence}, volume = {33}, number = {7}, pages = {1415-1428}, note = {to appear}, pdf = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5601739}, keyword = {shape analysis, elastic deformations, Riemannian elastic metric} }

4 - Looking for shapes in two-dimensional, cluttered point clouds. A. Srivastava and I. H. Jermyn. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 31(9): pages 1616-1629, September 2009. Keywords : Shape, Bayesian, Point cloud, Diffeomorphism, Sampling, Fisher-Rao. Copyright : ©2008 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. @ARTICLE{SrivastavaJermyn09, author = {Srivastava, A. and Jermyn, I. H.}, title = {Looking for shapes in two-dimensional, cluttered point clouds}, year = {2009}, month = {September}, journal = {IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence}, volume = {31}, number = {9}, pages = {1616-1629}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2008.223}, pdf = {http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Ian.Jermyn/publications/SrivastavaJermyn09.pdf}, keyword = {Shape, Bayesian, Point cloud, Diffeomorphism, Sampling, Fisher-Rao} } Abstract : We study the problem of identifying shape classes in point clouds. These clouds contain sampled contours and are corrupted by clutter and observation noise. Taking an analysis-by-synthesis approach, we simulate high-probability configurations of sampled contours using models learnt from training data to evaluate the given test data. To facilitate simulations, we develop statistical models for sources of (nuisance) variability: (i) shape variations within classes, (ii) variability in sampling continuous curves, (iii) pose and scale variability, (iv) observation noise, and (v) points introduced by clutter. The variability in sampling closed curves into finite points is represented by positive diffeomorphisms of a unit circle. We derive probability models on these functions using their squareroot forms and the Fisher-Rao metric. Using a Monte Carlo approach, we simulate configurations from a joint prior on the shape-sample space and compare them to the data using a likelihood function. Average likelihoods of simulated configurations lead to estimates of posterior probabilities of different classes and, hence, Bayesian classification.

5 - A higher-order active contour model of a ‘gas of circles' and its application to tree crown extraction. P. Horvath and I. H. Jermyn and Z. Kato and J. Zerubia. Pattern Recognition, 42(5): pages 699-709, May 2009. Keywords : Shape, Higher-order, Active contour, Gas of circles, Tree Crown Extraction, Bayesian. @ARTICLE{Horvath09, author = {Horvath, P. and Jermyn, I. H. and Kato, Z. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {A higher-order active contour model of a ‘gas of circles' and its application to tree crown extraction}, year = {2009}, month = {May}, journal = {Pattern Recognition}, volume = {42}, number = {5}, pages = {699-709}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2008.09.008}, pdf = {http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Ian.Jermyn/publications/Horvathetal09.pdf}, keyword = {Shape, Higher-order, Active contour, Gas of circles, Tree Crown Extraction, Bayesian} } Abstract : We present a model of a ‘gas of circles’: regions in the image domain composed of a unknown number of circles of approximately the same radius. The model has applications to medical, biological, nanotechnological, and remote sensing imaging. The model is constructed using higher-order active contours (HOACs) in order to include non-trivial prior knowledge about region shape without constraining topology. The main theoretical contribution is an analysis of the local minima of the HOAC energy that allows us to guarantee stable circles, fix one of the model parameters, and constrain the rest. We apply the model to tree crown extraction from aerial images of plantations. Numerical experiments both confirm the theoretical analysis and show the empirical importance of the prior shape information.

6 - Incorporating generic and specific prior knowledge in a multi-scale phase field model for road extraction from VHR images. T. Peng and I. H. Jermyn and V. Prinet and J. Zerubia. IEEE Trans. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1(2): pages 139--146, June 2008. Keywords : Dense urban areas, Geographic Information System (GIS), Multiscale, Road network, Variational methods, Very high resolution. Copyright : ©2008 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. @ARTICLE{Peng08b, author = {Peng, T. and Jermyn, I. H. and Prinet, V. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Incorporating generic and specific prior knowledge in a multi-scale phase field model for road extraction from VHR images}, year = {2008}, month = {June}, journal = {IEEE Trans. Geoscience and Remote Sensing}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {139--146}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2008.922318}, pdf = {http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Ian.Jermyn/publications/PengetalTGRS08.pdf}, keyword = {Dense urban areas, Geographic Information System (GIS), Multiscale, Road network, Variational methods, Very high resolution} } Abstract : This paper addresses the problem of updating digital road maps in dense urban areas by extracting the main road network from very high resolution (VHR) satellite images. Building on the work of Rochery et al. (2005), we represent the road region as a 'phase field'. In order to overcome the difficulties due to the complexity of the information contained in VHR images, we propose a multi-scale statistical data model. It enables the integration of segmentation results from coarse resolution, which furnishes a simplified representation of the data, and fine resolution, which provides accurate details. Moreover, an outdated GIS digital map is introduced into the model, providing specific prior knowledge of the road network. This new term balances the effect of the generic prior knowledge describing the geometric shape of road networks (i.e. elongated and of low-curvature) carried by a 'phase field higher-order active contour' term. Promising results on QuickBird panchromatic images and comparisons with several other methods demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.

7 - Higher-Order Active Contour Energies for Gap Closure. M. Rochery and I. H. Jermyn and J. Zerubia. Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision, 29(1): pages 1-20, September 2007. Keywords : Gap closure, Higher-order, Active contour, Shape, Prior, Road network. @ARTICLE{Rochery07, author = {Rochery, M. and Jermyn, I. H. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Higher-Order Active Contour Energies for Gap Closure}, year = {2007}, month = {September}, journal = {Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {1-20}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10851-007-0021-x}, pdf = {ftp://ftp-sop.inria.fr/ariana/Articles/2007_Rochery07.pdf}, keyword = {Gap closure, Higher-order, Active contour, Shape, Prior, Road network} } Abstract : One of the main difficulties in extracting line networks from images, and in particular road networks from remote sensing images, is the existence of interruptions in the data caused, for example, by occlusions. These can lead to gaps in the extracted network that do not correspond to gaps in the real network. In this paper, we describe a higher-order active contour energy that in addition to favouring network-like regions, includes a prior term penalizing networks containing ‘nearby opposing extremities’, thereby making gaps in the extracted network less likely. The new energy term causes such extremities to attract one another during gradient descent. They thus move towards one another and join, closing the gap. To minimize the energy, we develop specific techniques to handle the high-order derivatives that appear in the gradient descent equation. We present the results of automatic extraction of networks from real remote-sensing images, showing the ability of the model to overcome interruptions.

8 - Computing Statistics from Man-Made Structures on the Earth's Surface for Indexing Satellite Images. A. Bhattacharya and M. Roux and H. Maitre and I. H. Jermyn and X. Descombes and J. Zerubia. International Journal of Simulation Modelling, 6(2): pages 73--83, 2007. @ARTICLE{Bhattacharya07, author = {Bhattacharya, A. and Roux, M. and Maitre, H. and Jermyn, I. H. and Descombes, X. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Computing Statistics from Man-Made Structures on the Earth's Surface for Indexing Satellite Images}, year = {2007}, journal = {International Journal of Simulation Modelling}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, pages = {73--83}, url = {http://www.ijsimm.com/Full_Papers/Fulltext2007/text6-2_73-83.pdf}, pdf = {ftp://ftp-sop.inria.fr/ariana/Articles/2007_Bhattacharya07.pdf}, keyword = {} } Abstract : Indexing and retrieval from remote sensing image databases relies on the extraction of appropriate information from the data about the entity of interest (e.g. land cover type) and on the robustness of this extraction to nuisance variables. Other entities in an image may be strongly correlated with the entity of interest and their properties can therefore be used to characterize this entity. The road network contained in an image is one example. The properties of road networks vary considerably from one geographical environment to another, and they can therefore be used to classify and retrieve such environments. In this paper, we define several such environments, and classify them with the aid of geometrical and topological features computed from the road networks occurring in them. The relative failure of network extraction methods in certain types of urban area obliges us to segment such areas and to add a second set of geometrical and topological features computed from the segmentations. To validate the approach, feature selection and SVM linear kernel classification are performed on the feature set arising from a diverse image database.

9 - Higher Order Active Contours. M. Rochery and I. H. Jermyn and J. Zerubia. International Journal of Computer Vision, 69(1): pages 27--42, August 2006. Keywords : Active contour, Shape, Higher-order, Prior, Road network. @ARTICLE{mr_ijcv_06, author = {Rochery, M. and Jermyn, I. H. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Higher Order Active Contours}, year = {2006}, month = {August}, journal = {International Journal of Computer Vision}, volume = {69}, number = {1}, pages = {27--42}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11263-006-6851-y}, pdf = {ftp://ftp-sop.inria.fr/ariana/Articles/2006_mr_ijcv_06.pdf}, keyword = {Active contour, Shape, Higher-order, Prior, Road network} } Abstract : We introduce a new class of active contour models that hold great promise for region and shape modelling, and we apply a special case of these models to the extraction of road networks from satellite and aerial imagery. The new models are arbitrary polynomial functionals on the space of boundaries, and thus greatly generalize the linear functionals used in classical contour energies. While classical energies are expressed as single integrals over the contour, the new energies incorporate multiple integrals, and thus describe long-range interactions between different sets of contour points. As prior terms, they describe families of contours that share complex geometric properties, without making reference to any particular shape, and they require no pose estimation. As likelihood terms, they can describe multi-point interactions between the contour and the data. To optimize the energies, we use a level set approach. The forces derived from the new energies are non-local however, thus necessitating an extension of standard level set methods. Networks are a shape family of great importance in a number of applications, including remote sensing imagery. To model them, we make a particular choice of prior quadratic energy that describes reticulated structures, and augment it with a likelihood term that couples the data at pairs of contour points to their joint geometry. Promising experimental results are shown on real images.

10 - A study of Gaussian mixture models of colour and texture features for image classification and segmentation. H. Permuter and J.M. Francos and I. H. Jermyn. Pattern Recognition, 39(4): pages 695--706, April 2006. Keywords : Classification, Segmentation, Texture, Colour, Gaussian mixture, Decison fusion. @ARTICLE{permuter_pr06, author = {Permuter, H. and Francos, J.M. and Jermyn, I. H.}, title = {A study of Gaussian mixture models of colour and texture features for image classification and segmentation}, year = {2006}, month = {April}, journal = {Pattern Recognition}, volume = {39}, number = {4}, pages = {695--706}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2005.10.028}, pdf = {ftp://ftp-sop.inria.fr/ariana/Articles/2006_permuter_pr06.pdf}, keyword = {Classification, Segmentation, Texture, Colour, Gaussian mixture, Decison fusion} } Abstract : The aims of this paper are two-fold: to define Gaussian mixture models of coloured texture on several feature paces and to compare the performance of these models in various classification tasks, both with each other and with other models popular in the literature. We construct Gaussian mixtures models over a variety of different colour and texture feature spaces, with a view to the retrieval of textured colour images from databases. We compare supervised classification results for different choices of colour and texture features using the Vistex database, and explore the best set of features and the best GMM configuration for this task. In addition we introduce several methods for combining the 'colour' and 'structure' information in order to improve the classification performance. We then apply the resulting models to the classification of texture databases and to the classification of man-made and natural areas in aerial images. We compare the GMM model with other models in the literature, and show an overall improvement in performance.

11 - Invariant Bayesian estimation on manifolds. I. H. Jermyn. Annals of Statistics, 33(2): pages 583--605, April 2005. Keywords : Bayesian estimation, MAP, MMSE, Invariant, Metric, Jeffrey's. @ARTICLE{jermyn_annstat05, author = {Jermyn, I. H.}, title = {Invariant Bayesian estimation on manifolds}, year = {2005}, month = {April}, journal = {Annals of Statistics}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {583--605}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053604000001273}, pdf = {ftp://ftp-sop.inria.fr/ariana/Articles/jermyn_annstat05.pdf}, keyword = {Bayesian estimation, MAP, MMSE, Invariant, Metric, Jeffrey's} } Abstract : A frequent and well-founded criticism of the maximum em a posteriori (MAP) and minimum mean squared error (MMSE) estimates of a continuous parameter param taking values in a differentiable manifold paramspace is that they are not invariant to arbitrary `reparametrizations' of paramspace. This paper clarifies the issues surrounding this problem, by pointing out the difference between coordinate invariance, which is a em sine qua non for a mathematically well-defined problem, and diffeomorphism invariance, which is a substantial issue, and then provides a solution. We first show that the presence of a metric structure on paramspace can be used to define coordinate-invariant MAP and MMSE estimates, and we argue that this is the natural way to proceed. We then discuss the choice of a metric structure on paramspace. By imposing an invariance criterion natural within a Bayesian framework, we show that this choice is essentially unique. It does not necessarily correspond to a choice of coordinates. In cases of complete prior ignorance, when Jeffreys' prior is used, the invariant MAP estimate reduces to the maximum likelihood estimate. The invariant MAP estimate coincides with the minimum message length (MML) estimate, but no discretization or approximation is used in its derivation.

12 - Globally optimal regions and boundaries as minimum ratio weight cycles. I. H. Jermyn and H. Ishikawa. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 23(10): pages 1075-1088, October 2001. Keywords : Graph, Ratio, Cycle, Segmentation, Global minimum. Copyright : ©2008 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. @ARTICLE{jermyn_tpami01, author = {Jermyn, I. H. and Ishikawa, H.}, title = {Globally optimal regions and boundaries as minimum ratio weight cycles}, year = {2001}, month = {October}, journal = {IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence}, volume = {23}, number = {10}, pages = {1075-1088}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/34.954599}, pdf = {ftp://ftp-sop.inria.fr/ariana/Articles/jermyn_tpami01.pdf}, keyword = {Graph, Ratio, Cycle, Segmentation, Global minimum} } Abstract : We describe a new form of energy functional for the modelling and identification of regions in images. The energy is defined on the space of boundaries in the image domain, and can incorporate very general combinations of modelling information both from the boundary (intensity gradients,ldots), em and from the interior of the region (texture, homogeneity,ldots). We describe two polynomial-time digraph algorithms for finding the em global minima of this energy. One of the algorithms is completely general, minimizing the functional for any choice of modelling information. It runs in a few seconds on a 256 times 256 image. The other algorithm applies to a subclass of functionals, but has the advantage of being extremely parallelizable. Neither algorithm requires initialization.

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46 Conference articles

1 - A theoretical and numerical study of a phase field higher-order active contour model of directed networks. A. El Ghoul and I. H. Jermyn and J. Zerubia. In The Tenth Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV), Queenstown, New Zealand, November 2010. Keywords : Phase Field, Shape prior, Directed networks, Stability analysis, river extraction, remote sensing. Copyright : Springer-Verlag GmbH Berlin Heidelberg @INPROCEEDINGS{Elghoul10b, author = {El Ghoul, A. and Jermyn, I. H. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {A theoretical and numerical study of a phase field higher-order active contour model of directed networks}, year = {2010}, month = {November}, booktitle = {The Tenth Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV)}, address = {Queenstown, New Zealand}, pdf = {http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00522443/fr/}, keyword = {Phase Field, Shape prior, Directed networks, Stability analysis, river extraction, remote sensing} } Abstract : We address the problem of quasi-automatic extraction of directed networks, which have characteristic geometric features, from images. To include the necessary prior knowledge about these geometric features, we use a phase field higher-order active contour model of directed networks. The model has a large number of unphysical parameters (weights of energy terms), and can favour different geometric structures for different parameter values. To overcome this problem, we perform a stability analysis of a long, straight bar in order to find parameter ranges that favour networks. The resulting constraints necessary to produce stable networks eliminate some parameters, replace others by physical parameters such as network branch width, and place lower and upper bounds on the values of the rest.We validate the theoretical analysis via numerical experiments, and then apply the model to the problem of hydrographic network extraction from multi-spectral VHR satellite images.

2 - Segmentation of networks from VHR remote sensing images using a directed phase field HOAC model. A. El Ghoul and I. H. Jermyn and J. Zerubia. In Proc. ISPRS Technical Commission III Symposium on Photogrammetry Computer Vision and Image Analysis (PCV), Paris, France, September 2010. Keywords : Phase Field, Shape prior, Directed networks, Road network extraction, river extraction, remote sensing. Copyright : ISPRS @INPROCEEDINGS{Elghoul10a, author = {El Ghoul, A. and Jermyn, I. H. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Segmentation of networks from VHR remote sensing images using a directed phase field HOAC model}, year = {2010}, month = {September}, booktitle = {Proc. ISPRS Technical Commission III Symposium on Photogrammetry Computer Vision and Image Analysis (PCV)}, address = {Paris, France}, pdf = {https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00491017}, keyword = {Phase Field, Shape prior, Directed networks, Road network extraction, river extraction, remote sensing} } Abstract : We propose a new algorithm for network segmentation from VHR remote sensing images. The algorithm performs this task quasi-automatically, that is, with no human intervention except to fix some parameters. The task is made difficult by the amount of prior knowledge about network region geometry needed to perform the task, knowledge that is usually provided by a human being. To include such prior knowledge, we make use of methodological advances in region modelling: a phase field higher-order active contour of directed networks is used as the prior model for region geometry. By adjoining an approximately conserved flow to a phase field model encouraging network shapes (i.e. regions composed of branches meeting at junctions), the model favours network regions in which different branches may have very different widths, but in which width change along a branch is slow; in which branches do not come to an end, hence tending to close gaps in the network; and in which junctions show approximate ‘conservation of width’. We also introduce image models for network and background, which are validated using maximum likelihood segmentation against other possibilities. We then test the full model on VHR optical and multispectral satellite images.

3 - Extraction of arbitrarily shaped objects using stochastic multiple birth-and-death dynamics and active contours. M. S. Kulikova and I. H. Jermyn and X. Descombes and E. Zhizhina and J. Zerubia. In Proc. IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging, San Jose, USA, January 2010. Keywords : Object extraction, Marked point process, Shape prior, Active contour, birth-and-death dynamics. Copyright : Copyright 2010 by SPIE and IS&T. This paper was published in the proceedings of IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging 2010 Conference in San Jose, USA, and is made available as an electronic reprint with permission of SPIE and IS&T. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic or multiple reproduction, distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited. @INPROCEEDINGS{Kulikova10a, author = {Kulikova, M. S. and Jermyn, I. H. and Descombes, X. and Zhizhina, E. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Extraction of arbitrarily shaped objects using stochastic multiple birth-and-death dynamics and active contours}, year = {2010}, month = {January}, booktitle = {Proc. IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging}, address = {San Jose, USA}, pdf = {http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/46/54/72/PDF/Kulikova_SPIE2010.pdf}, keyword = {Object extraction, Marked point process, Shape prior, Active contour, birth-and-death dynamics} } Abstract : We extend the marked point process models that have been used for object extraction from images to arbitrarily shaped objects, without greatly increasing the computational complexity of sampling and estimation. From an alternative point of view, the approach can be viewed as an extension of the active contour methodology to an a priori unknown number of objects. Sampling and estimation are based on a stochastic birth-and-death process defined on the configuration space of an arbitrary number of objects, where the objects are defined by the image data and prior information. The performance of the approach is demonstrated via experimental results on synthetic and real data.

4 - A marked point process model with strong prior shape information for extraction of multiple, arbitrarily-shaped objects. M. S. Kulikova and I. H. Jermyn and X. Descombes and E. Zhizhina and J. Zerubia. In Proc. IEEE SITIS, Publ. IEEE Computer Society, Marrakech, Maroc, December 2009. Keywords : Object extraction, Marked point process, Shape prior, Active contour, multiple birth-and-death dynamics. @INPROCEEDINGS{Kulikova09a, author = {Kulikova, M. S. and Jermyn, I. H. and Descombes, X. and Zhizhina, E. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {A marked point process model with strong prior shape information for extraction of multiple, arbitrarily-shaped objects}, year = {2009}, month = {December}, booktitle = {Proc. IEEE SITIS}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, address = {Marrakech, Maroc}, pdf = {http://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/43/63/20/PDF/PID1054029.pdf}, keyword = {Object extraction, Marked point process, Shape prior, Active contour, multiple birth-and-death dynamics} } Abstract : We define a method for incorporating strong prior shape information into a recently extended Markov point process model for the extraction of arbitrarily-shaped objects from images. To estimate the optimal configuration of objects, the process is sampled using a Markov chain based on a stochastic birth-and-death process defined in a space of multiple objects. The single objects considered are defined by both the image data and the prior information in a way that controls the computational complexity of the estimation problem. The method is tested via experiments on a very high resolution aerial image of a scene composed of tree crowns.

5 - A markov random field model for extracting near-circular shapes. T. Blaskovics and Z. Kato and I. H. Jermyn. In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), Cairo, Egypt, November 2009. Keywords : Segmentation, Markov Random Fields, Shape prior. @INPROCEEDINGS{Blaskovics09, author = {Blaskovics, T. and Kato, Z. and Jermyn, I. H.}, title = {A markov random field model for extracting near-circular shapes}, year = {2009}, month = {November}, booktitle = {Proc. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)}, address = {Cairo, Egypt}, pdf = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5413472}, keyword = {Segmentation, Markov Random Fields, Shape prior} }

6 - A phase field higher-order active contour model of directed networks. A. El Ghoul and I. H. Jermyn and J. Zerubia. In 2nd IEEE Workshop on Non-Rigid Shape Analysis and Deformable Image Alignment, at ICCV, Kyoto, Japan, September 2009. Keywords : Geometric prior, Shape, Higher-order actif contours, Phase Field, Directed networks. Copyright : ©2009 IEEE. @INPROCEEDINGS{ElGhoul09b, author = {El Ghoul, A. and Jermyn, I. H. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {A phase field higher-order active contour model of directed networks}, year = {2009}, month = {September}, booktitle = {2nd IEEE Workshop on Non-Rigid Shape Analysis and Deformable Image Alignment, at ICCV}, address = {Kyoto, Japan}, url = {https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00409910}, pdf = {http://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/40/99/10/PDF/nordia09aymenelghoul.pdf}, keyword = {Geometric prior, Shape, Higher-order actif contours, Phase Field, Directed networks} } Abstract : The segmentation of directed networks is an important problem in many domains, e.g. medical imaging (vascular networks) and remote sensing (river networks). Directed networks carry a unidirectional flow in each branch, which leads to characteristic geometric properties. In this paper, we present a nonlocal phase field model of directed networks. In addition to a scalar field representing a region by its smoothed characteristic function and interacting nonlocally so as to favour network configurations, the model contains a vector field representing the ‘flow’ through the network branches. The vector field is strongly encouraged to be zero outside, and of unit magnitude inside the region; and to have zero divergence. This prolongs network branches; controls width variation along a branch; and produces asymmetric junctions for which total incoming branch width approximately equals total outgoing branch width. In conjunction with a new interaction function, it also allows a broad range of stable branch widths. We analyse the energy to constrain the parameters, and show geometric experiments confirming the above behaviour. We also show a segmentation result on a synthetic river image.

7 - Inflection point model under phase field higher-order active contours for network extraction from VHR satellite images. A. El Ghoul and I. H. Jermyn and J. Zerubia. In Proc. European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), Glasgow, Scotland, August 2009. Keywords : Geometric prior, Shape, Higher-order active contour, Phase Field, remote sensing. Copyright : EURASIP @INPROCEEDINGS{ElGhoul09a, author = {El Ghoul, A. and Jermyn, I. H. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Inflection point model under phase field higher-order active contours for network extraction from VHR satellite images}, year = {2009}, month = {August}, booktitle = {Proc. European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)}, address = {Glasgow, Scotland}, url = {http://hal.inria.fr/inria-00390446/fr/}, pdf = {http://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/39/04/46/PDF/eusipco09aymenelghoul.pdf}, keyword = {Geometric prior, Shape, Higher-order active contour, Phase Field, remote sensing} } Abstract : The segmentation of networks is important in several imaging domains, and models incorporating prior shape knowledge are often essential for the automatic performance of this task. We incorporate such knowledge via phase fields and higher-order active contours (HOACs). In this paper: we introduce an improved prior model, the phase field HOAC ‘inflection point’ model of a network; we present an improved data term for the segmentation of road networks; we confirm the robustness of the resulting model to choice of gradient descent initialization; and we illustrate these points via road network extraction results on VHR satellite images.

8 - Phase diagram of a long bar under a higher-order active contour energy: application to hydrographic network extraction from VHR satellite images. A. El Ghoul and I. H. Jermyn and J. Zerubia. In International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), Tampa, Florida, December 2008. Keywords : Phase diagram, Higher-order actif contours, Shape, river extraction. @INPROCEEDINGS{ElGhoul08b, author = {El Ghoul, A. and Jermyn, I. H. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Phase diagram of a long bar under a higher-order active contour energy: application to hydrographic network extraction from VHR satellite images}, year = {2008}, month = {December}, booktitle = {International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)}, address = {Tampa, Florida}, url = {https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00316619}, pdf = {http://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/31/66/19/PDF/icpr08aymenelghoul.pdf}, keyword = {Phase diagram, Higher-order actif contours, Shape, river extraction} } Abstract : The segmentation of networks is important in several imaging domains, and models incorporating prior shape knowledge are often essential for the automatic performance of this task. Higher-order active contours provide a way to include such knowledge, but their behaviour can vary significantly with parameter values: e.g. the same energy can model networks or a ‘gas of circles’. In this paper, we present a stability analysis of a HOAC energy leading to the phase diagram of a long bar. The results, which are confirmed by numerical experiments, enable the selection of parameter values for the modelling of network shapes using the energy. We apply the resulting model to the problem of hydrographic network extraction from VHR satellite images.

9 - An extended phase field higher-order active contour model for networks and its application to road network extraction from VHR satellite images. T. Peng and I. H. Jermyn and V. Prinet and J. Zerubia. In Proc. European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), Marseille, France, October 2008. Keywords : Dense urban area, Phase Field, Road network, Variational methods, Very high resolution. Copyright : @INPROCEEDINGS{Peng08c, author = {Peng, T. and Jermyn, I. H. and Prinet, V. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {An extended phase field higher-order active contour model for networks and its application to road network extraction from VHR satellite images}, year = {2008}, month = {October}, booktitle = {Proc. European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV)}, address = {Marseille, France}, pdf = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-540-88690-7_38}, keyword = {Dense urban area, Phase Field, Road network, Variational methods, Very high resolution} } Abstract : This paper addresses the segmentation from an image of entities that have the form of a 'network', i.e. the region in the image corresponding to the entity is composed of branches joining together at junctions, e.g. road or vascular networks. We present a new phase field higher-order active contour (HOAC) prior model for network regions, and apply it to the segmentation of road networks from very high resolution satellite images. This is a hard problem for two reasons. First, the images are complex, with much 'noise' in the road region due to cars, road markings, etc., while the background is very varied, containing many features that are locally similar to roads. Second, network regions are complex to model, because they may have arbitrary topology. In particular, we address a severe limitation of a previous model in which network branch width was constrained to be similar to maximum network branch radius of curvature, thereby providing a poor model of networks with straight narrow branches or highly curved, wide branches. To solve this problem, we propose a new HOAC prior energy term, and reformulate it as a nonlocal phase field energy. We analyse the stability of the new model, and find that in addition to solving the above problem by separating the interactions between points on the same and opposite sides of a network branch, the new model permits the modelling of two widths simultaneously. The analysis also fixes some of the model parameters in terms of network width(s). After adding a likelihood energy, we use the model to extract the road network quasi-automatically from pieces of a QuickBird image, and compare the results to other models in the literature. The results demonstrate the superiority of the new model, the importance of strong prior knowledge in general, and of the new term in particular.

10 - Indexing of mid-resolution satellite images with structural attributes. A. Bhattacharya and M. Roux and H. Maitre and I. H. Jermyn and X. Descombes and J. Zerubia. In The International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Beijing, China, July 2008. Keywords : Landscape, Segmentation, Features, Extraction, Classification, Modelling. @INPROCEEDINGS{Bhattacharya08, author = {Bhattacharya, A. and Roux, M. and Maitre, H. and Jermyn, I. H. and Descombes, X. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Indexing of mid-resolution satellite images with structural attributes}, year = {2008}, month = {July}, booktitle = {The International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing}, address = {Beijing, China}, pdf = {http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Ian.Jermyn/publications/Bhattacharya08isprs.pdf}, keyword = {Landscape, Segmentation, Features, Extraction, Classification, Modelling} } Abstract : Indexing and retrieval of satellite images relies on the extraction of appropriate information from the data about the entity of interest (e.g. land cover type) and on the robustness of this extraction to nuisance variables. Entities in an image may be strongly correlated with each other and can therefore be used to characterize geographical environments on the Earth’s surface. The properties of road networks vary considerably from one geographical environment to another. The networks pertaining in a satellite image can therefore be used to classify and retrieve such environments. In the work presented in this paper we have defined 7 such classes. These classes can be categorized as follows: 2 urban classes consisting of “Urban USA” and “Urban Europe”; 3 rural classes consisting of “Villages”, “Mountains” and “Fields”; an “Airports” class and a “Common” class (this can be considered as a rejection class). These classes were then classified with the aid of geometrical and topological features computed from the road networks occurring in them. In our work we have used two extraction methods simultaneously on an image to extract the road networks pertaining in it. A set of 16 network features were computed from one extraction method and were categorized into 6 groups as follows: 6 measures of ‘density’, 4 measures of ‘curviness’, 2 measures of ‘homogeneity’, 1 measure of ‘length’, 2 measures of ‘distribution’ and 1 measure of ‘entropy’. Due to certain limitations of these extraction methods there was a relative failure of network extraction in certain urban regions con- taining narrow and dense road structures. This loss of information was circumvented by segmenting the urban regions and computing a second set of geometrical and topological features from them. A set of 4 urban region features were computed and were categorized into 3 groups as follows: 2 measures of ‘density’, 1 measure of ‘labels’ and 1 measure of ‘compactness’. The 500 images (each of size 512x512 pixels) forming our database were selected from SPOT5 scenes with 5m resolution. From each image a set of geometrical and topological features were computed from the road networks and urban regions. These features were then used to classify the pre-defined geographical classes. Feature selection was done to avoid the burden of feature dimensionality and increase the classification performance. A set of 20 features was selected from 36 features by Fisher Linear Discriminant (FLD) analysis which gave the least classification error with an one-vs-rest linear Support Vector Machine (SVM). The impact of spatial resolution and size of images on the feature set have been explored in this work. We took a closer look at the effect of spatial resolution and size of images on the discriminative power of the feature set to classify the images belonging to the pre-defined geographical classes. Tests were performed with feature selection by FLD and one-vs-rest linear SVM classification on a database with images of 10m resolution. Another test was performed with feature selection by FLD and one-vs-rest linear SVM classification on a database with 5m resolution images (each of size 256x256 pixels). With the above mentioned approaches, we developed a novel method to classify large satellite images acquired by SPOT5 satellite (5m resolution) with patches of images each of size 512x512 pixels extracted from them. There has been a large amount of work dedicated to the classification of large satellite images at pixel level rather than considering image patches of different sizes. Classification of image patches of different sizes from a large satellite image is a novel idea in the sense that the patches considered contain significant coverage of a particular type of geographical environment. Road networks and urban region features were computed from these image patches extracted from the large image. A one-vs-rest Gaussian kernel SVM classification method was used to classify this large image. The classification results show that the image patches were labeled with the class having the maximum geographical coverage of the area associated in the large image. The large image was mapped into a “region matrix”, where each element of the matrix corresponds to a geographical class. This is a ‘hard’ classification and no inference can be drawn about the classification confidence. In certain cases, this produces some anomalies, as a single patch may contain two or more different geographical coverages. In order to have an estimate of these partial coverages, the output of the SVM was mapped into probabilities. These probability measures were then studied to have a closer look at the classification accuracies. The results confirm that our method is able to classify a large image into various geographical classes with a mean error of less than 10%. Future studies can use operators to detect not only man-made structures like roads and urban areas, but also natural entities like rivers, forests, etc. In this work we have restricted ourselves to a single resolution, but our methodology can be adapted to consider images of higher resolutions from QuickBird and the future Pleiade satellite. At a better resolution it may be possible to extract different structures like buildings, gardens, cross-roads, etc. This in turn will allow us to incorporate more classes to appropriately classify any geographical environment. At an image resolution of 1m, we may imagine to have sub-classes of an existing class, e.g., classes like urban Europe and urban USA can de divided into downtown, residential and industrial classes.

11 - Extraction of main and secondary roads in VHR images using a higher-order phase field model. T. Peng and I. H. Jermyn and V. Prinet and J. Zerubia. In Proc. XXI ISPRS Congress, Part A, pages 215-22, Beijing, China, July 2008. Keywords : Road network, Urban areas, Satellite images, Segmentation, Modelling, Variational methods. Copyright : ISPRS @INPROCEEDINGS{Peng08a, author = {Peng, T. and Jermyn, I. H. and Prinet, V. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Extraction of main and secondary roads in VHR images using a higher-order phase field model}, year = {2008}, month = {July}, booktitle = {Proc. XXI ISPRS Congress, Part A}, pages = {215-22}, address = {Beijing, China}, pdf = {http://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXVII/congress/3_pdf/33.pdf}, keyword = {Road network, Urban areas, Satellite images, Segmentation, Modelling, Variational methods} } Abstract : This paper addresses the issue of extracting main and secondary road networks in dense urban areas from very high resolution (VHR, ~0.61m) satellite images. The difficulty with secondary roads lies in the low discriminative power of the grey-level distributions of road regions and the background, and the greater effect of occlusions and other noise on narrower roads. To tackle this problem, we use a previously developed higher-order active contour (HOAC) phase field model and augment it with an additional non-linear nonlocal term. The additional term allows separate control of road width and road curvature; thus more precise prior knowledge can be incorporated, and better road prolongation can be achieved for the same width. Promising results on QuickBird panchromatic images at reduced resolutions and comparisons with other models demonstrate the role and the efficiency of our new model.

12 - Diagramme de phase d'une énergie de type contours actifs d'ordre supérieur : le cas d'une barre longue. A. El Ghoul and I. H. Jermyn and J. Zerubia. In 16ème congrès francophone AFRIF-AFIA Reconnaissance des Formes et Intelligence Artificielle (RFIA), Amiens, France, January 2008. Keywords : Diagramme de phase, Contours actifs d'ordre supérieur, Shape, geometric prior, Télédétection. @INPROCEEDINGS{ElGhoul08, author = {El Ghoul, A. and Jermyn, I. H. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Diagramme de phase d'une énergie de type contours actifs d'ordre supérieur : le cas d'une barre longue}, year = {2008}, month = {January}, booktitle = {16ème congrès francophone AFRIF-AFIA Reconnaissance des Formes et Intelligence Artificielle (RFIA)}, address = {Amiens, France}, url = {https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00319575}, pdf = {http://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/31/95/75/PDF/rfia08aymenelghoul.pdf}, keyword = {Diagramme de phase, Contours actifs d'ordre supérieur, Shape, geometric prior, Télédétection} } Résumé : Dans cet article, nous présentons l’analyse de stabilité du modèle des “contours actifs d’ordre supérieur” (CAOS), pour l’extraction des réseaux routiers présents dans des images de télédétection. Le modèle énergétique des CAOS à minimiser présente des comportements différents en fonction des valeurs des paramètres du modèle. Il s’est avéré que deux structures géométriques sont favorisées par ce modèle : des structures linéiques et circulaires. Nous nous intéressons ici à la détermination du diagramme de phase, qui définit les gammes des valeurs des paramètres du modèle des CAOS, permettant d’obtenir des structures linéiques. Abstract : In this paper, we present a stability analysis of a “higher-order active contour” (HOAC) model for road network extraction from remotely sensed images. The HOAC energy presents several different behaviours depending on the model parameter values. Two types of geometric structure are favoured, namely line networks and circles. In this work, we derive the phase diagram giving the parameter ranges of the HOAC model that allow stable linear structures.

13 - A `Gas of Circles' Phase Field Model and its Application to Tree Crown Extraction. P. Horvath and I. H. Jermyn. In Proc. European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), Poznan, Poland, September 2007. Keywords : Phase Field, Tree Crown Extraction. @INPROCEEDINGS{Horvath07d, author = {Horvath, P. and Jermyn, I. H.}, title = {A `Gas of Circles' Phase Field Model and its Application to Tree Crown Extraction}, year = {2007}, month = {September}, booktitle = {Proc. European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)}, address = {Poznan, Poland}, pdf = {ftp://ftp-sop.inria.fr/ariana/Articles/2007_Horvath07d.pdf}, keyword = {Phase Field, Tree Crown Extraction} } Abstract : The problem of extracting the region in the image domain corresponding to an a priori unknown number of circular objects occurs in several domains. We propose a new model of a `gas of circles', the ensemble of regions in the image domain composed of circles of a given radius. The model uses the phase field reformulation of higher-order active contours (HOACs). Phase fields possess several advantages over contour and level set approaches to region modelling, in particular for HOAC models. The reformulation allows us to benefit from these advantages without losing the strengths of the HOAC framework. Combined with a suitable likelihood energy, and applied to the tree crown extraction problem, the new model shows markedly improved performance, both in quality of results and in computation time, which is two orders of magnitude less than the HOAC level set implementation.

14 - A Phase Field Model Incorporating Generic and Specific Prior Knowledge Applied to Road Network Extraction from VHR Satellite Images. T. Peng and I. H. Jermyn and V. Prinet and J. Zerubia and B. Hu. In Proc. British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC), Warwick, UK, September 2007. Keywords : Road network, Very high resolution, Higher-order, Active contour, Shape, Prior. @INPROCEEDINGS{Peng07a, author = {Peng, T. and Jermyn, I. H. and Prinet, V. and Zerubia, J. and Hu, B.}, title = {A Phase Field Model Incorporating Generic and Specific Prior Knowledge Applied to Road Network Extraction from VHR Satellite Images}, year = {2007}, month = {September}, booktitle = {Proc. British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC)}, address = {Warwick, UK}, pdf = {ftp://ftp-sop.inria.fr/ariana/Articles/2007_Peng07a.pdf}, keyword = {Road network, Very high resolution, Higher-order, Active contour, Shape, Prior} } Abstract : We address the problem of updating road maps in dense urban areas by extracting the main road network from a very high resolution (VHR) satellite image. Our model of the region occupied by the road network in the image is innovative. It incorporates three different types of prior geometric knowledge: generic boundary smoothness constraints, equivalent to a standard active contour prior; knowledge of the geometric properties of road networks (i.e. that they occupy regions composed of long, low-curvature segments joined at junctions), equivalent to a higher-order active contour prior; and knowledge of the road network at an earlier date derived from GIS data, similar to other ‘shape priors’ in the literature. In addition, we represent the road network region as a ‘phase field’, which offers a number of important advantages over other region modelling frameworks. All three types of prior knowledge prove important for overcoming the complexity of geometric ‘noise’ in VHR images. Promising results and a comparison with several other techniques demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.

15 - A New Phase Field Model of a `Gas of Circles' for Tree Crown Extraction from Aerial Images. P. Horvath and I. H. Jermyn. In Proc. International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns (CAIP), Vienna, Austria, August 2007. Keywords : Phase Field, Tree Crown Extraction. @INPROCEEDINGS{Horvath07b, author = {Horvath, P. and Jermyn, I. H.}, title = {A New Phase Field Model of a `Gas of Circles' for Tree Crown Extraction from Aerial Images}, year = {2007}, month = {August}, booktitle = {Proc. International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns (CAIP)}, address = {Vienna, Austria}, pdf = {ftp://ftp-sop.inria.fr/ariana/Articles/2007_Horvath07b.pdf}, keyword = {Phase Field, Tree Crown Extraction} } Abstract : We describe a model for tree crown extraction from aerial images, a problem of great practical importance for the forestry industry. The novelty lies in the prior model of the region occupied by tree crowns in the image, which is a phase field version of the higher-order active contour inflection point `gas of circles' model. The model combines the strengths of the inflection point model with those of the phase field framework: it removes the `phantom circles' produced by the original `gas of circles' model, while executing two orders of magnitude faster than the contour-based inflection point model. The model has many other areas of application e.g., to imagery in nanotechnology, biology, and physics.

16 - Removing Shape-Preserving Transformations in Square-Root Elastic (SRE) Framework for Shape Analysis of Curves. S. Joshi and E. Klassen and A. Srivastava and I. H. Jermyn. In Proc. Energy Minimization Methods in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (EMMCVPR), Ezhou, China, August 2007. Keywords : Shape, Reparameterization, Metric, Geodesic. Copyright : The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com. @INPROCEEDINGS{Joshi07b, author = {Joshi, S. and Klassen, E. and Srivastava, A. and Jermyn, I. H.}, title = {Removing Shape-Preserving Transformations in Square-Root Elastic (SRE) Framework for Shape Analysis of Curves}, year = {2007}, month = {August}, booktitle = {Proc. Energy Minimization Methods in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (EMMCVPR)}, address = {Ezhou, China}, pdf = {ftp://ftp-sop.inria.fr/ariana/Articles/2007_Joshi07b.pdf}, keyword = {Shape, Reparameterization, Metric, Geodesic} } Abstract : This paper illustrates and extends an efficient framework, called the square-root-elastic (SRE) framework, for studying shapes of closed curves, that was first introduced in [2]. This framework combines the strengths of two important ideas - elastic shape metric and path-straightening methods - for finding geodesics in shape spaces of curves. The elastic metric allows for optimal matching of features between curves while path-straightening ensures that the algorithm results in geodesic paths. This paper extends this framework by removing two important shape preserving transformations: rotations and re-parameterizations, by forming quotient spaces and constructing geodesics on these quotient spaces. These ideas are demonstrated using experiments involving 2D and 3D curves.

17 - A Novel Representation for Riemannian Analysis of Elastic Curves in R^n. S. Joshi and E. Klassen and A. Srivastava and I. H. Jermyn. In Proc. IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Minneapolis, USA, June 2007. Keywords : Shape, Metric, Geodesic, Prior. @INPROCEEDINGS{Joshi07a, author = {Joshi, S. and Klassen, E. and Srivastava, A. and Jermyn, I. H.}, title = {A Novel Representation for Riemannian Analysis of Elastic Curves in R^n}, year = {2007}, month = {June}, booktitle = {Proc. IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)}, address = {Minneapolis, USA}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2007.383185}, pdf = {ftp://ftp-sop.inria.fr/ariana/Articles/2007_Joshi07a.pdf}, keyword = {Shape, Metric, Geodesic, Prior} } Abstract : We propose an efficient representation for studying shapes of closed curves in R^n. This paper combines the strengths of two important ideas---elastic shape metric and path-straightening methods---and results in a very fast algorithm for finding geodesics in shape spaces. The elastic metric allows for optimal matching of features between the two curves while path-straightening ensures that the algorithm results in geodesic paths. For the novel representation proposed here, the elastic metric becomes the simple L^2 metric, in contrast to the past usage where more complex forms were used. We present the step-by-step algorithms for computing geodesics and demonstrate them with 2-D as well as 3-D examples.

18 - Indexing Satellite Images with Features Computed from Man-Made Structures on the Earth’s Surface. A. Bhattacharya and M. Roux and H. Maitre and I. H. Jermyn and X. Descombes and J. Zerubia. In Proc. International Workshop on Content-Based Multimedia Indexing, Bordeaux, France, June 2007. Keywords : Indexation, Road network, Semantic, Retrieval, Feature statistics. @INPROCEEDINGS{Bhattacharya07a, author = {Bhattacharya, A. and Roux, M. and Maitre, H. and Jermyn, I. H. and Descombes, X. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Indexing Satellite Images with Features Computed from Man-Made Structures on the Earth’s Surface}, year = {2007}, month = {June}, booktitle = {Proc. International Workshop on Content-Based Multimedia Indexing}, address = {Bordeaux, France}, pdf = {ftp://ftp-sop.inria.fr/ariana/Articles/2007_Bhattacharya07a.pdf}, keyword = {Indexation, Road network, Semantic, Retrieval, Feature statistics} } Abstract : Indexing and retrieval from remote sensing image databases relies on the extraction of appropriate information from the data about the entity of interest (e.g. land cover type) and on the robustness of this extraction to nuisance variables. Other entities in an image may be strongly correlated with the entity of interest and their properties can therefore be used to characterize this entity. The road network contained in an image is one example. The properties of road networks vary considerably from one geographical environment to another, and they can therefore be used to classify and retrieve such environments. In this paper, we define several such environments, and classify them with the aid of geometrical and topological features computed from the road networks occurring in them. The relative failure of network extraction methods in certain types of urban area obliges us to segment such areas and to add a second set of geometrical and topological features computed from the segmentations. To validate the approach, feature selection and SVM linear kernel classification are performed on the feature set arising from a diverse image database.

19 - Riemannian Analysis of Probability Density Functions with Applications in Vision. S. Joshi and A. Srivastava and I. H. Jermyn. In Proc. IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Minneapolis, USA, June 2007. Keywords : Probability density function, Metric, Geodesic, Reparameterization. @INPROCEEDINGS{Joshi07, author = {Joshi, S. and Srivastava, A. and Jermyn, I. H.}, title = {Riemannian Analysis of Probability Density Functions with Applications in Vision}, year = {2007}, month = {June}, booktitle = {Proc. IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)}, address = {Minneapolis, USA}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2007.383188 }, pdf = {ftp://ftp-sop.inria.fr/ariana/Articles/2007_Joshi07.pdf}, keyword = {Probability density function, Metric, Geodesic, Reparameterization} } Abstract : Applications in computer vision involve statistically analyzing an important class of constrained, non- negative functions, including probability density functions (in texture analysis), dynamic time-warping functions (in activity analysis), and re-parametrization or non-rigid registration functions (in shape analysis of curves). For this one needs to impose a Riemannian structure on the spaces formed by these functions. We propose a em spherical version of the Fisher-Rao metric that provides closed form expressions for geodesics and distances, and allows an efficient computation of statistics. We compare this metric with some previously used metrics and present an application in planar shape classification.

20 - Urban road extraction from VHR images using a multiscale image model and a phase field model of network geometry. T. Peng and I. H. Jermyn and V. Prinet and J. Zerubia. In Proc. Urban, Paris, France, April 2007. Keywords : Road network, Very high resolution, Multiscale, Higher-order, Active contour, Shape. @INPROCEEDINGS{Peng07_urban, author = {Peng, T. and Jermyn, I. H. and Prinet, V. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Urban road extraction from VHR images using a multiscale image model and a phase field model of network geometry}, year = {2007}, month = {April}, booktitle = {Proc. Urban}, address = {Paris, France}, pdf = {http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Ian.Jermyn/publications/Peng07urban.pdf}, keyword = {Road network, Very high resolution, Multiscale, Higher-order, Active contour, Shape} } Abstract : This paper addresses the problem of automatically extracting the main road network in a dense urban area from a very high resolution optical satellite image using a variational approach. The model energy has two parts: a phase field higherorder active contour energy that describes our prior knowledge of road network geometry, i.e. that it is composed of elongated structures with roughly parallel borders that meet at junctions; and a multi-scale statistical image model describing the image we expect to see given a road network. By minimizing the model energy, an estimate of the road network is obtained. Promising results on 0.6m QuickBird Panchromatic images are presented, and future improvements to the models are outlined.

21 - Circular object segmentation using higher-order active contours. P. Horvath and I. H. Jermyn and Z. Kato and J. Zerubia. In In Proc. Conference of the Hungarian Association for Image Analysis and Pattern Recognition (KEPAF'07), Debrecen, Hungary, January 2007. Note : In Hungarian Keywords : Higher-order, Tree Crown Extraction, Shape. @INPROCEEDINGS{Horvath07a, author = {Horvath, P. and Jermyn, I. H. and Kato, Z. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Circular object segmentation using higher-order active contours}, year = {2007}, month = {January}, booktitle = {In Proc. Conference of the Hungarian Association for Image Analysis and Pattern Recognition (KEPAF'07)}, address = {Debrecen, Hungary}, note = {In Hungarian}, pdf = {ftp://ftp-sop.inria.fr/ariana/Articles/2007_Horvath07a.pdf}, keyword = {Higher-order, Tree Crown Extraction, Shape} }

22 - An improved 'gas of circles' higher-order active contour model and its application to tree crown extraction. P. Horvath and I. H. Jermyn and Z. Kato and J. Zerubia. In Proc. Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing (ICVGIP), Madurai, India, December 2006. Keywords : Tree Crown Extraction, Aerial images, Higher-order, Active contour, Gas of circles, Shape. @INPROCEEDINGS{Horvath06_icvgip, author = {Horvath, P. and Jermyn, I. H. and Kato, Z. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {An improved 'gas of circles' higher-order active contour model and its application to tree crown extraction}, year = {2006}, month = {December}, booktitle = {Proc. Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing (ICVGIP)}, address = {Madurai, India}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11949619_14}, pdf = {ftp://ftp-sop.inria.fr/ariana/Articles/2006_Horvath06_icvgip.pdf}, keyword = {Tree Crown Extraction, Aerial images, Higher-order, Active contour, Gas of circles, Shape} } Abstract : A central task in image processing is to find the region in the image corresponding to an entity. In a number of problems, the region takes the form of a collection of circles, eg tree crowns in remote sensing imagery; cells in biological and medical imagery. In~citeHorvath06b, a model of such regions, the `gas of circles' model, was developed based on higher-order active contours, a recently developed framework for the inclusion of prior knowledge in active contour energies. However, the model suffers from a defect. In~citeHorvath06b, the model parameters were adjusted so that the circles were local energy minima. Gradient descent can become stuck in these minima, producing phantom circles even with no supporting data. We solve this problem by calculating, via a Taylor expansion of the energy, parameter values that make circles into energy inflection points rather than minima. As a bonus, the constraint halves the number of model parameters, and severely constrains one of the two that remain, a major advantage for an energy-based model. We use the model for tree crown extraction from aerial images. Experiments show that despite the lack of parametric freedom, the new model performs better than the old, and much better than a classical active contour.

23 - Computing statistics from a graph representation of road networks in satellite images for indexing and retrieval. A. Bhattacharya and I. H. Jermyn and X. Descombes and J. Zerubia. In Proc. compImage, Coimbra, Portugal, October 2006. Keywords : Road network, Indexation, Semantic, Retrieval, Feature statistics. @INPROCEEDINGS{bhatta_compimage06, author = {Bhattacharya, A. and Jermyn, I. H. and Descombes, X. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Computing statistics from a graph representation of road networks in satellite images for indexing and retrieval}, year = {2006}, month = {October}, booktitle = {Proc. compImage}, address = {Coimbra, Portugal}, pdf = {ftp://ftp-sop.inria.fr/ariana/Articles/2006_bhatta_compimage06.pdf}, keyword = {Road network, Indexation, Semantic, Retrieval, Feature statistics} } Abstract : Retrieval from remote sensing image archives relies on the extraction of pertinent information from the data about the entity of interest (e.g. land cover type), and on the robustness of this extraction to nuisance variables (e.g. illumination). Most image-based characterizations are not invariant to such variables. However, other semantic entities in the image may be strongly correlated with the entity of interest and their properties can therefore be used to characterize this entity. Road networks are one example: their properties vary considerably, for example, from urban to rural areas. This paper takes the first steps towards classification (and hence retrieval) based on this idea. We study the dependence of a number of network features on the class of the image ('urban' or 'rural'). The chosen features include measures of the network density, connectedness, and `curviness'. The feature distributions of the two classes are well separated in feature space, thus providing a basis for retrieval. Classification using kernel k-means confirms this conclusion.

24 - Nonlinear models for the statistics of adaptive wavelet packet coefficients of texture. J. Aubray and I. H. Jermyn and J. Zerubia. In Proc. European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), Florence, Italy, September 2006. Keywords : Texture, Adaptive, Wavelet packet, Nonlinear, Bimodal, Statistics. @INPROCEEDINGS{aubray_eusipco06, author = {Aubray, J. and Jermyn, I. H. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Nonlinear models for the statistics of adaptive wavelet packet coefficients of texture}, year = {2006}, month = {September}, booktitle = {Proc. European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)}, address = {Florence, Italy}, pdf = {ftp://ftp-sop.inria.fr/ariana/Articles/2006_aubray_eusipco06.pdf}, keyword = {Texture, Adaptive, Wavelet packet, Nonlinear, Bimodal, Statistics} } Abstract : Probabilistic adaptive wavelet packet models of texture pro- vide new insight into texture structure and statistics by focus- ing the analysis on significant structure in frequency space. In very adapted subbands, they have revealed new bimodal statistics, corresponding to the structure inherent to a texture, and strong dependencies between such bimodal sub- bands, related to phase coherence in a texture. Existing models can capture the former but not the latter. As a first step to- wards modelling the joint statistics, and in order to simplify earlier approaches, we introduce a new parametric family of models capable of modelling both bimodal and unimodal subbands, and of being generalized to capture the joint statistics. We show how to compute MAP estimates for the adaptive basis and model parameters, and apply the models to Brodatz textures to illustrate their performance.

25 - A Higher-Order Active Contour Model for Tree Detection. P. Horvath and I. H. Jermyn and Z. Kato and J. Zerubia. In Proc. International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), Hong Kong, August 2006. Keywords : Active contour, Gas of circles, Higher-order, Shape, Prior, Tree Crown Extraction. @INPROCEEDINGS{horvath_icpr06, author = {Horvath, P. and Jermyn, I. H. and Kato, Z. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {A Higher-Order Active Contour Model for Tree Detection}, year = {2006}, month = {August}, booktitle = {Proc. International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)}, address = {Hong Kong}, pdf = {ftp://ftp-sop.inria.fr/ariana/Articles/2006_horvath_icpr06.pdf}, keyword = {Active contour, Gas of circles, Higher-order, Shape, Prior, Tree Crown Extraction} } Abstract : We present a model of a ‘gas of circles’, the ensemble of regions in the image domain consisting of an unknown number of circles with approximately fixed radius and short range repulsive interactions, and apply it to the extraction of tree crowns from aerial images. The method uses the re- cently introduced ‘higher order active contours’ (HOACs), which incorporate long-range interactions between contour points, and thereby include prior geometric information without using a template shape. This makes them ideal when looking for multiple instances of an entity in an image. We study an existing HOAC model for networks, and show via a stability calculation that circles stable to perturbations are possible for constrained parameter sets. Combining this prior energy with a data term, we show results on aerial imagery that demonstrate the effectiveness of the method and the need for prior geometric knowledge. The model has many other potential applications.

26 - Phase field models and higher-order active contours. M. Rochery and I. H. Jermyn and J. Zerubia. In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), Beijing, China, October 2005. Keywords : Active contour, Higher-order, Shape, Line networks, Road network, Phase Field. @INPROCEEDINGS{rochery_iccv05, author = {Rochery, M. and Jermyn, I. H. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Phase field models and higher-order active contours}, year = {2005}, month = {October}, booktitle = {Proc. IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)}, address = {Beijing, China}, pdf = {ftp://ftp-sop.inria.fr/ariana/Articles/rochery_iccv05.pdf}, keyword = {Active contour, Higher-order, Shape, Line networks, Road network, Phase Field} } Abstract : The representation and modelling of regions is an important topic in computer vision. In this paper, we represent a region via a level set of a `phase field' function. The function is not constrained, eg to be a distance function; nevertheless, phase field energies equivalent to classical active contour energies can be defined. They represent an advantageous alternative to other methods: a linear representation space; ease of implementation (a PDE with no reinitialization); neutral initialization; greater topological freedom. We extend the basic phase field model with terms that reproduce `higher-order active contour' energies, a powerful way of including prior geometric knowledge in the active contour framework via nonlocal interactions between contour points. In addition to the above advantages, the phase field greatly simplifies the analysis and implementation of the higher-order terms. We define a phase field model that favours regions composed of thin arms meeting at junctions, combine this with image terms, and apply the model to the extraction of line networks from remote sensing images.

27 - New Higher-order Active Contour Energies for Network Extraction. M. Rochery and I. H. Jermyn and J. Zerubia. In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), Genoa, Italy, September 2005. Keywords : Gap closure, Shape, Prior, Higher-order, Active contour. @INPROCEEDINGS{rochery_icip05, author = {Rochery, M. and Jermyn, I. H. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {New Higher-order Active Contour Energies for Network Extraction}, year = {2005}, month = {September}, booktitle = {Proc. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)}, address = {Genoa, Italy}, pdf = {ftp://ftp-sop.inria.fr/ariana/Articles/rochery_icip05.pdf}, keyword = {Gap closure, Shape, Prior, Higher-order, Active contour} } Abstract : Using the framework of higher-order active contours, we present a new quadratic em continuation energy for the extraction of line networks (e.g. road, hydrographic, vascular) in the presence of occlusions. Occlusions create gaps in the data that frequently translate to gaps in the extracted network. The new energy penalizes earby opposing extremities of the network, and thus favours the closure of the gaps created by occlusions. Nearby opposing extremities are identified using a sophisticated interaction between pairs of points on the contour. This new model allows the extraction of fully connected networks, even though occlusions violate common assumptions about the homogeneity of the interior, and high contrast with the exterior, of the network. We present experimental results on real aerial images that demonstrate the effectiveness of the new model for network extraction tasks.

28 - Texture-adaptive mother wavelet selection for texture analysis. G.C.K. Abhayaratne and I. H. Jermyn and J. Zerubia. In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), Genoa, Italy, September 2005. Keywords : Texture, Wavelet packet, Adaptive, Mother. @INPROCEEDINGS{abhayaratne_icip05, author = {Abhayaratne, G.C.K. and Jermyn, I. H. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Texture-adaptive mother wavelet selection for texture analysis}, year = {2005}, month = {September}, booktitle = {Proc. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)}, address = {Genoa, Italy}, pdf = {http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Ian.Jermyn/publications/Abhayaratne05icip.pdf}, keyword = {Texture, Wavelet packet, Adaptive, Mother} } Abstract : Classification results obtained using wavelet-based texture analysis techniques vary with the choice of mother wavelet used in the methodology. We discuss the use of mother wavelet filters as parameters in a probabilistic approach to texture analysis based on adaptive biorthogonal wavelet packet bases. The optimal choice for the mother wavelet filters is estimated from the data, in addition to the other model parameters. The model is applied to the classification of single texture images and mosaics of Brodatz textures, the results showing improvement over the performance of standard wavelets for a given filter length.

29 - Shape Moments for Region-Based Active Contours. P. Horvath and A. Bhattacharya and I. H. Jermyn and J. Zerubia and Z. Kato. In Proc. Hungarian-Austrian Conference on Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Szeged, Hungary, May 2005. @INPROCEEDINGS{horvath_hacippr05, author = {Horvath, P. and Bhattacharya, A. and Jermyn, I. H. and Zerubia, J. and Kato, Z.}, title = {Shape Moments for Region-Based Active Contours}, year = {2005}, month = {May}, booktitle = {Proc. Hungarian-Austrian Conference on Image Processing and Pattern Recognition}, address = {Szeged, Hungary}, url = {http://vision.vein.hu/HACIPPR/}, keyword = {} }

30 - Multimodal statistics of adaptive wavelet packet coefficients: experimental evidence and theory. R. Cossu and I. H. Jermyn and J. Zerubia. In Proc. Physics in Signal and Image Processing, Toulouse, France, January 2005. Keywords : Bimodal, Statistics, Wavelet packet, Adaptive, Texture. @INPROCEEDINGS{cossu_psip05, author = {Cossu, R. and Jermyn, I. H. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Multimodal statistics of adaptive wavelet packet coefficients: experimental evidence and theory}, year = {2005}, month = {January}, booktitle = {Proc. Physics in Signal and Image Processing}, address = {Toulouse, France}, pdf = {http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Ian.Jermyn/publications/Cossu05psip.pdf}, keyword = {Bimodal, Statistics, Wavelet packet, Adaptive, Texture} } Abstract : In recent work, it was noted that although the subband histograms for standard wavelet coefcients take on a generalized Gaussian form, this is no longer true for wavelet packet bases adapted to a given texture. Instead, three types of subband statistics are observed: Gaussian, generalized Gaussian, and interestingly, in some subbands, bi- or multi-modal histograms. Motivated by this observation, we provide additional experimental conrmation of the existence of multimodal subbands, and provide a theoretical explanation for their occurrence. The results reveal the connection of such subbands with the characteristic structure in a texture, and thus confirm the importance of such subbands for image modelling and applications.

31 - Texture discrimination using multimodal wavelet packet subbands. R. Cossu and I. H. Jermyn and J. Zerubia. In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), Singapore, October 2004. Keywords : Bimodal, Adaptive, probabilistic, Wavelet packet, Texture. @INPROCEEDINGS{cossu_icip04, author = {Cossu, R. and Jermyn, I. H. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Texture discrimination using multimodal wavelet packet subbands}, year = {2004}, month = {October}, booktitle = {Proc. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)}, address = {Singapore}, pdf = {http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Ian.Jermyn/publications/Cossu04icip.pdf}, keyword = {Bimodal, Adaptive, probabilistic, Wavelet packet, Texture} } Abstract : The subband histograms of wavelet packet bases adapted to individual texture classes often fail to display the leptokurtotic behaviour shown by the standard wavelet coefcients of `natural' images. While many subband histograms remain leptokurtotic in adaptive bases, some subbands are Gaussian. Most interestingly, however, some subbands show multimodal behaviour, with no mode at zero. In this paper, we provide evidence for the existence of these multimodal subbands and show that they correspond to narrow frequency bands running throughout images of the texture. They are thus closely linked to the texture's structure. As such, they seem likely to possess superior descriptive and discriminative power as compared to unimodal subbands. We demonstrate this using both Brodatz and remote sensing images.

32 - Gap closure in (road) networks using higher-order active contours. M. Rochery and I. H. Jermyn and J. Zerubia. In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), Singapore, October 2004. Keywords : Active contour, Gap closure, Higher-order, Shape, Road network. @INPROCEEDINGS{Rochery04, author = {Rochery, M. and Jermyn, I. H. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Gap closure in (road) networks using higher-order active contours}, year = {2004}, month = {October}, booktitle = {Proc. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)}, address = {Singapore}, pdf = {ftp://ftp-sop.inria.fr/ariana/Articles/rochery_icip04.pdf}, keyword = {Active contour, Gap closure, Higher-order, Shape, Road network} } Abstract : We present a new model for the extraction of networks from images in the presence of occlusions. Such occlusions cause gaps in the extracted network that need to be closed. Using higher-order active contours, which allow the incorporation of sophisticated geometric information, we introduce a new, non-local, `gap closure' force that causes pairs of network extremities that are close together to extend towards one another and join, thus closing the gap between them. We demonstrate the benefits of the model using the problem of road network extraction, presenting results on aerial images.

33 - Texture analysis using adaptative biorthogonal wavelet packets. G.C.K. Abhayaratne and I. H. Jermyn and J. Zerubia. In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), Singapore, October 2004. Keywords : Adaptive, Wavelet packet, Biorthogonal, Texture, Statistics. @INPROCEEDINGS{Abhayratne_icip04, author = {Abhayaratne, G.C.K. and Jermyn, I. H. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Texture analysis using adaptative biorthogonal wavelet packets}, year = {2004}, month = {October}, booktitle = {Proc. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)}, address = {Singapore}, pdf = {http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Ian.Jermyn/publications/Abhayaratne04icip.pdf}, keyword = {Adaptive, Wavelet packet, Biorthogonal, Texture, Statistics} } Abstract : We discuss the use of adaptive biorthogonal wavelet packet bases in a probabilistic approach to texture analysis, thus combining the advantages of biorthogonal wavelets (FIR, linear phase) with those of a coherent texture model. The computation of the probability uses both the primal and dual coefcients of the adapted biorthogonal wavelet packet basis. The computation of the biorthogonal wavelet packet coefcients is done using a lifting scheme, which is very efficient. The model is applied to the classification of mosaics of Brodatz textures, the results showing improvement over the performance of the corresponding orthogonal wavelets.

34 - Texture analysis using probabilistic models of the unimodal and multimodal statistics of adaptative wavelet packet coefficients. R. Cossu and I. H. Jermyn and J. Zerubia. In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Montreal, Canada, May 2004. Keywords : Bimodal, Adaptive, Wavelet packet, Texture, Gaussian mixture, Statistics. @INPROCEEDINGS{cossu04a, author = {Cossu, R. and Jermyn, I. H. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Texture analysis using probabilistic models of the unimodal and multimodal statistics of adaptative wavelet packet coefficients}, year = {2004}, month = {May}, booktitle = {Proc. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)}, address = {Montreal, Canada}, pdf = {http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Ian.Jermyn/publications/Cossu04icassp.pdf}, keyword = {Bimodal, Adaptive, Wavelet packet, Texture, Gaussian mixture, Statistics} } Abstract : Although subband histograms of the wavelet coefficients of natural images possess a characteristic leptokurtotic form, this is no longer true for wavelet packet bases adapted to a given texture. Instead, three types of subband statistics are observed: Gaussian, leptokurtotic, and interestingly, in some subbands, multimodal histograms. These subbands are closely linked to the structure of the texture, and guarantee that the most probable image is not flat. Motivated by these observations, we propose a probabilistic model that takes them into account. Adaptive wavelet packet subbands are modelled as Gaussian, generalized Gaussian, or a constrained Gaussian mixture. We use a Bayesian methodology, finding MAP estimates for the adaptive basis, for subband model selection, and for subband model parameters. Results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach, and highlight the importance of multimodal subbands for texture discrimination and modelling.

35 - Wavelet-Based Superresolution in Astronomy. R. Willett and I. H. Jermyn and R. Nowak and J. Zerubia. In Proc. Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems, Strasbourg, France, October 2003. Keywords : Superresolution, Wavelets, Astronomy. @INPROCEEDINGS{Willett03, author = {Willett, R. and Jermyn, I. H. and Nowak, R. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Wavelet-Based Superresolution in Astronomy}, year = {2003}, month = {October}, booktitle = {Proc. Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems}, address = {Strasbourg, France}, pdf = {http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Ian.Jermyn/publications/Willett03adass.pdf}, keyword = {Superresolution, Wavelets, Astronomy} } Abstract : High-resolution astronomical images can be reconstructed from several blurred and noisy low-resolution images using a computational process known as superresolution reconstruction. Superresolution reconstruction is closely related to image deconvolution, except that the low-resolution images are not registered and their relative translations and rotations must be estimated in the process. The novelty of our approach to the superresolution problem is the use of wavelets and related multiresolution methods within an expectation-maximization reconstruction process to improve the accuracy and visual quality of the reconstructed image. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, including its ability to distinguish between tightly grouped stars with a small set of observations.

36 - Higher Order Active Contours and their Application to the Detection of Line Networks in Satellite Imagery. M. Rochery and I. H. Jermyn and J. Zerubia. In Proc. IEEE Workshop Variational, Geometric and Level Set Methods in Computer Vision, at ICCV, Nice, France, October 2003. Keywords : Higher-order, Active contour, Shape, Road network, Segmentation, Prior. @INPROCEEDINGS{Rochery03a, author = {Rochery, M. and Jermyn, I. H. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Higher Order Active Contours and their Application to the Detection of Line Networks in Satellite Imagery}, year = {2003}, month = {October}, booktitle = {Proc. IEEE Workshop Variational, Geometric and Level Set Methods in Computer Vision}, address = {at ICCV, Nice, France}, pdf = {ftp://ftp-sop.inria.fr/ariana/Articles/rochery_vlsm03.pdf}, keyword = {Higher-order, Active contour, Shape, Road network, Segmentation, Prior} } Abstract : We present a novel method for the incorporation of shape information into active contour models, and apply it to the extraction of line networks (e.g. road, water) from satellite imagery. The method is based on a new class of contour energies. These energies are quadratic on the space of one-chains in the image, as opposed to classical energies, which are linear. They can be expressed as double integrals on the contour, and thus incorporate non-trivial interactions between different contour points. The new energies describe families of contours that share complex geometric properties, without making reference to any particular shape. Networks fall into such a family, and to model them we make a particular choice of quadratic energy whose minima are reticulated. To optimize the energies, we use a level set approach. The forces derived from the new energies are non-local however, thus necessitating an extension of standard level set methods. Promising experimental results are obtained using real images.

37 - Texture Analysis: An Adaptive Probabilistic Approach. K. Brady and I. H. Jermyn and J. Zerubia. In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), Barcelona, Spain, September 2003. Keywords : Adaptive, Wavelet packet, Statistics, Texture. @INPROCEEDINGS{Brady03, author = {Brady, K. and Jermyn, I. H. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Texture Analysis: An Adaptive Probabilistic Approach}, year = {2003}, month = {September}, booktitle = {Proc. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)}, address = {Barcelona, Spain}, pdf = {http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Ian.Jermyn/publications/Brady03icip.pdf}, keyword = {Adaptive, Wavelet packet, Statistics, Texture} } Abstract : Two main issues arise when working in the area of texture segmentation: the need to describe the texture accurately by capturing its underlying structure, and the need to perform analyses on the boundaries of textures. Herein, we tackle these problems within a consistent probabilistic framework. Starting from a probability distribution on the space of infinite images, we generate a distribution on arbitrary finite regions by marginalization. For a Gaussian distribution, the computational requirement of diagonalization and the modelling requirement of adaptivity together lead naturally to adaptive wavelet packet models that capture the ‘significant amplitude features’ in the Fourier domain. Undecimated versions of the wavelet packet transform are used to diagonalize the Gaussian distribution efficiently, albeit approximately. We describe the implementation and application of this approach and present results obtained on several Brodatz texture mosaics.

38 - Étude D'une Nouvelle Classe de Contours Actifs Pour la Détection de Routes Dans Des Images de Télédétection. M. Rochery and I. H. Jermyn and J. Zerubia. In Proc. GRETSI Symposium on Signal and Image Processing, Paris, France, September 2003. @INPROCEEDINGS{Rochery03, author = {Rochery, M. and Jermyn, I. H. and Zerubia, J.}, title = {Étude D'une Nouvelle Classe de Contours Actifs Pour la Détection de Routes Dans Des Images de Télédétection}, year = {2003}, month = {September}, booktitle = {Proc. GRETSI Symposium on Signal and Image Processing}, address = {Paris, France}, pdf = {ftp://ftp-sop.inria.fr/ariana/Articles/rochery_gretsi03.pdf}, keyword = {} }

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