WITAN “know, understand”
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | wat | wiste | – | wite | wite |
2 | wast | wiste | – | wite | wite |
3 | wat | wiste | – | wite | wite |
Pl | witon | wiston | – | witen | witen |
Present participle: witende, past participle : (ge)-witen, infinitive : witan.
AGAN “owe”
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | ah | ahte | – | age | – |
2 | ahst | ahte | age | age | – |
3 | ah | ahte | – | age | – |
Pl | agon | ahton | – | agen | – |
Past participle: ęgen, infinitive: agan.
*DUGAN “avail, be worth”
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | – | – | – | duge | – |
2 | – | – | – | duge | – |
3 | deah | dohte | – | duge | – |
Pl | dugon | – | – | – | – |
Present participle: dugende.
UNNAN “grant”
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | an | uše | – | unne | – |
2 | – | uše | unne | unne | – |
3 | an | uše | – | unne | – |
Pl | unnon | ušon | – | – | – |
Present participle: unnende, past participle: (ge)-unnen, infinitive: unnan.
CUNNAN “know, can”
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | can | cuše | – | cunne | cunne |
2 | canst | cuše | – | cunne | cunne |
3 | can | cuše | – | cunne | cunne |
Pl | cunnon | cušon | – | cunnen | cunnen |
Past participle: cunnen, infinitive: cunnan.
ŠURFAN “need, be required”
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | tearf | šorfte | – | šurfe | – |
2 | tearft | šorfte | – | šurfe | – |
3 | tearf | šorfte | – | šurfe | – |
Pl | turfon | šorfton | – | šurfen | – |
Present participle: šurfende, infinitive: šurfan.
*DURRAN “dare”
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | dear | dorste | – | durre | – |
2 | dearst | dorste | – | durre | – |
3 | dear | dorste | – | durre | – |
Pl | durron | dorston | – | – | – |
MUNAN “remember”
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | man | munde | – | mune | – |
2 | manst | munde | mune | mune | – |
3 | man | munde | – | mune | – |
Pl | munon | – | munat | – | – |
Present participle: munende, past participle: (ge)-munen, infinitive: munan.
*SCULAN “be obliged, must, ought to”
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | sceal | sceolde | – | scule | scule |
2 | scealt | sceolde | – | scule | scule |
3 | sceal | sceolde | – | scule | scule |
Pl | sculon | sceoldon | – | sculen | sculen |
*MOTAN “be allowed, be able to, must”
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | mot | moste | – | mote | – |
2 | most | moste | – | mote | – |
3 | mot | moste | – | mote | – |
Pl | moton | moston | – | moten | – |
MAGAN “be able to, have permission”
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | męg | mihte | – | męge | męge |
2 | meaht | mihte | – | męge | męge |
3 | męg | mihte | – | męge | męge |
Pl | magon | mihton | – | męgen | męgen |
Present participle: magende, infinitive: magan.
WILLAN “be willing, desire”
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | wille | wolde | – | wille | – |
2 | wilt | woldest | – | wille | – |
3 | wille | wolde | – | wille | – |
Pl | willaš | woldon | – | willen | – |
Present participle: willende, infinitive: witan.
PRES. | IMPER. | PAST. | SUBJ. | PAST.SB. | INF. | PRES.PART. | PAST PART. | |
WITAN | + | – | + | + | + | + | + | + |
AGAN | + | SG | + | SG | – | + | – | + |
*DUGAN | SG 3, PL | – | SG 3 | SG | – | – | + | + |
UNNAN | 1, 3, PL | – | + | SG | – | + | + | + |
CUNNAN | + | – | + | + | + | + | – | + |
ŠURFAN | + | – | + | + | – | + | + | – |
*DURRAN | + | – | + | SG | – | – | – | – |
MUNAN | + | + | + | SG | – | + | + | + |
*SCULAN | + | – | + | + | + | – | – | – |
*MOTAN | + | – | + | + | – | – | – | – |
MAGAN | + | – | + | + | + | + | + | – |
WILLAN | + | – | + | + | – | + | + | – |
NIMAN | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
HABBAN | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
WITE(N) “know, possess”
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | wot | wiste | – | wite | – |
2 | wost | wiste | wite | wite | – |
3 | wot | wiste | – | wite | – |
Pl | wite(n) | wisten | – | witen | – |
Present participle: witende, past participle: wist, infinitive: wite(n).
OWEN “own”
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | owe | ahte | – | owe | – |
2 | owest | ahte | – | owe | – |
3 | owe(ž) | ahte | – | owe | – |
Pl | owe(n) | ahten | – | (owen) | – |
Infinitive: owen.
DUGEN “be worth, avail”
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | dowe | – | – | – | – |
2 | – | – | – | – | – |
3 | dowe | douhte | – | – | – |
Pl | dowen | – | – | – | – |
Infinitive: dugen.
UNNAN “grant”
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | an | uše | – | unne | – |
2 | – | uše | unne | unne | – |
3 | an | uše | – | unne | – |
Present participle: unnende, past participle: (ge)-unnen, infinitive: unnan.
CUNNE(N) “can, know”
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | can | cuše | – | (cunne) | – |
2 | canst | cuše(st) | – | cunne | – |
3 | can | cuše | – | (cunne) | – |
Pl | cunnen | (cušen) | – | (cunnen) | – |
Past particple: cuž, infinitive: cunne(n).
ŽURFEN “need”
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | žarf | šorfte | – | šurve | – |
2 | žarf(t) | šorfte | – | šurve | – |
3 | žarf | šorfte | – | šurve | – |
Pl | šurfon | (šorfton) | – | (šurfen) | – |
Present participle: šurfende, infinitive: šurfan.
DURRE(N) “dare”
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | dar | durste | – | durre | – |
2 | darst | durste | – | durre | – |
3 | dar | durste | – | durre | – |
Pl | dar | (dursten) | – | – | – |
Infinitive: durren.
MON “remember” (only in the North dialect)
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | mon | monde | – | mune | – |
2 | mon | monde | – | mune | – |
3 | mon | monde | – | mune | – |
Pl | mon | – | – | – | – |
SHAL “shall”
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | shal | sholde | – | shule | – |
2 | shalt | sholde(st) | – | shule | – |
3 | shal | sholde | – | shule | – |
Pl | shule(n) | sholden | – | (shulen) | – |
MOT “must, may”
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | mot | moste | – | mote | – |
2 | most | moste | – | mote | – |
3 | mot | moste | – | mote | – |
Pl | mote(n) | (mosten) | – | (moten) | – |
MOWE “be able”
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | mai | might(e) | – | mowe | – |
2 | miht | might(est) | – | mowe | – |
3 | mai | might(e) | – | mowe | – |
Pl | mugen | might(en) | – | (mowen) | – |
WIL(LE) “will”
Present | Past | Imperative | Subjonctive | Past Subjonctive | |
Sg 1 | wil | wolde | – | wille | – |
2 | wilt | woldest | – | wille | – |
3 | wil | wolde | – | wille | – |
Pl | wilen | (wolden) | – | (willen) | – |
Past participle: wold.
PRES. | IMPER. | PAST | SUBJ. | PAST SUBJ. | INF. | PRES.PART. | PAST PART. | |
WITEN | + | SG 2 | + | + | – | + | + | + |
OWEN | + | – | + | + | – | + | – | – |
DUGEN | SG 3, PL | – | SG 3 | – | – | + | – | – |
CUNNEN | + | – | + | + | – | + | – | + |
ŠURFEN | + | – | + | + | – | + | – | + |
DURREN | + | – | + | SG | – | + | – | – |
MON | + | – | SG | SG | – | – | – | – |
SHAL | + | – | + | + | – | – | – | – |
MOT | + | – | + | + | – | – | – | – |
MOWE | + | – | + | + | – | – | – | – |
WIL | + | – | + | + | – | – | – | + |