The future of the Internet

INRIA, Sophia-Antipolis

From past to future

• Growing in size
• Computers, people and light bulbs,
• Develop adequate routing techniques,
• Increase the network security.
• Serving new applications
• From telnet and FTP to the web,
• Electronic commerce,
• Network computing,
• Real time audio,
• Real time video,
• Virtual reality?
• Preparing the next century
• More than modems and telephones!
• We need to invest!

Growing in Size

• Linking all computers on the planet.
  • 7-8 millions connected today
  • 200 millions computers in the planet
  • more being produced every year..
• Linking all human beings
  • The CERNET plan in China
  • And also India, Malaysia
  • Towards 10 billion users ?
• More than one computer per human
  • Office, Mobile, Home
  • Refrigerator, Car, Pacemaker
  • Light bulbs
• 1000 billions Internet nodes ?

Routing in the large Internet

• Doubling size every year.
  • Sustained growth for 5 years!
• Three constraints
  • Number of networks
  • Size of routing tables
  • Limited number of addresses (32 bits)
• In the short term, CIDR:
  • Variable length prefixes,
  • Prefixes describe topology,
  • Networks, not geography,
  • Aggregation by providers :-(
• Within two years
  • IPv6

Increase the network security

• Configuration, programming mistakes
• CERT, Satan,
• Firewall
• Password guessing, cracking
• Crack, dictionnaries, forms
• Sniffing, spying
• One time passwords (S-key, etc)
• Payment systems (...)
• Encryption (PGP, IP security, IPv6)
• Spoofing, mascarade
• Secure infrastructure (DNS, Routing)
• Digital signature (PGP, IP security, IPv6)
• Connection stealing
• Encryption, Digital signature (IP security, IPv6)

From FTP to the WEB

 login:  anonymous
 331 Guest login ok, send your email address as password.
 password: huitema@inria.fr
 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.
 FTP: cd rodeo/solo
 250 CWD command successful.
 FTP: ls
 200 PORT command successful.
 draft-huitema-solo-00.txt
 solo.tar.Z
 draft-huitema-solo-01.txt
 README
 226 Transfer complete.
 FTP: 

Electronic commerce

• Need to secure the credit card number,
• Need to handle small amounts.

Network computing

• One computer per researcher,
  • several hundreds machines,
  • often idle..
• Why not use them ?
  • Parallize program into small items,
  • Nice priority for network tasks,
  • 1000 PC make a very large computer!
• It is becoming routine..
  1992: human genome cartography,
  1995: cracking RCA-40 (netscape export)
  
• Beyond ad-hoc developments:
  • Parallel Virtual Machine,
  • Compiling parallel code.
• The Internet as the a super-computer ?

Real time audio

Real time video

Virtual reality ?

• The Internet links people
• Electronic mail, News-groups, Chat-lines.
• Audio, Video, Shared work-space.
• The web as a directory
• It is poised to accept new medias,
  • From 2D images to 3D.
  • From mouse and keyboard to gloves
  • From silicon to smells
• Linking 10 billions brains in the next century?

Beyond modems!

• Catch-up with computer speed:
  • one instruction, one bit of I/O (Seymour Cray)
  • Dec-alpha: 300 Mhz. 300 Mbps?
• New local networks:
  100 Mbps Ethernet,
  switched Ethernet,
  155 Mbps ATM switches
  650 Mbps Myrinet
  1000baseF, 1000baseT
  
• High-speed interconnections:
  • 34 Mbps, 45 Mbps, 155 Mbps in research networks,
  • Ghz Radio for mobiles,
  • Free the Optical Fiber!
• Costs, Benefits and Salaries...

The network of the 21st century

Need to install Internet-specific cables.
Invest for the future!